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practical world is a growing engineering used in everything from TV games to rehab clinics to the battlefield . But a new study in rats show that the virtual world affect the brain other than than real - world surround , which could offer clues for how the technology could be used to restore navigating ability and memory in humans .
Researchers record rats ' psyche activity while the gnawer campaign on tiny treadwheel in avirtual realitysetup . In the practical world , the animals ' brain did not take shape a mental map of their surroundings like the ones they form in real - aliveness configurations , the field showed .
Top-down view of a rat in a virtual reality maze with four blue-green walls; neuron activity is overlaid over the rat’s trajectory.
" We are using virtual realism more and more every day , whether for entertainment , military purposes or diagnosing ofmemory and get wind disorders , " state Mayank Mehta , a neuroscientist at the University of California , Los Angeles . " We are using it all the time , and we want to recognize … how does the head respond to virtual reality ? " [ See video of rats in virtual reality ]
Brain ’s GPS
scientist have observe that brainiac cells represent as a emplacement system , by creating a mental single-valued function of an environment from visual input as well as sounds , smells and other information . The uncovering of these " Global Positioning System cells " was awarded the2014 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicinal drug .
Virtual reality creates an artificial surroundings , but does it activate amental mapthe same way as the veridical world does ? To obtain out , Mehta and his confrere put scab on treadmills in a 2D virtual realism setup .
" We put a flyspeck tux or harness around the gnawer ’s bureau , " Mehta said — the dirty dog are " swaddled like a baby , and a jumbo IMAX kind of projection screen goes all around them . "
While the rats were exploring the practical room , the investigator used tiny wires ( 50 times thin than a human hairsbreadth ) to measure the response of hundred of neuron in the animals ' learning ability .
They recorded signal from a mastermind region call off thehippocampus , have it off to be involved in learning and memory , while the animal research the virtual room . Alzheimer ’s disease , CVA and schizophrenic psychosis all cause damage to the hippocampus , which interferes with people ’s power to feel their room in the humans .
The researcher compare the brain activity in the practical room to that measured while the animals explored a material , identical - looking room . When the rats were exploring the real room , theirGPS neuronsfired off in a pattern that produced a mental map of the environment . But to the researchers ' surprisal , when the rodents were explore the virtual elbow room , the same neuron fired seemingly at random — in other words , no mental single-valued function was being formed , Mehta state .
The researchers checked to see whether something was wrong with the strikebreaker or the measurements , but plant nothing , Mehta said .
Mental pedometers
Yet , when the researchers direct a closer feeling at the nous activity of the rats in practical realism , they found that the signals were n’t quite random . or else , the brain cells were actually keeping track of how many stairs the animals took — like a pedometer , Mehta said .
" We think the encephalon on its own behaves like apedometer , " but turns it into a map of the space by using other cues , such as smells , sounds , computer storage , he said .
Mehta has a hunch that the way the encephalon makes a mapping of infinite is the same as the way it recall anything . For example , if someone tells you to recollect a random episode of numbers , it would be very difficult . But if it were part of a song , you may recollect it more well .
" Our brain is very in force at pick something up if it comes from dissimilar [ sensation ] , " Mehta enjoin . So when the brain makes a map of outer space , in addition to optical selective information about the scene , it takes into score smells , sounds and other facial expression of the surroundings , he say .
The current study was only in rats , but Mehta think human brains probably respond likewise to virtual reality . Previous studies have shown that people with hippocampus damage in practical reality setups do n’t shape clear mental maps . Before , scientists did n’t jazz if the map was pitiful because of the participants ' Einstein harm or because of the virtual environment , but the current findings defend the latter , Mehta said .
elaborate findings of the study were published Nov. 24 in the journalNature Neuroscience .
